PSG has now secured the season-opening trophy on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the dying moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.